The Latrodectus genus is all under the family Theridiidae. It is a large family of spiders, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders. The diverse family includes over 2200 species in over 100 genera).
The origin of the brown widow is uncertain as specimens have been independently discovered in both Africa and the Americas. In the US, they can be found in the southern half of the country. Other countries such as Australia, Afghanistan, Japan, Tanzania, South Africa and Cyprus have reported also presence of the arachnid.
The spider is lighter in color than the black widow. It ranges from tan to dark brown to black. Like the black widow, it also has an "hourglass" marking on the underside of the abdomen that is a vivid orange or a yellowish color.
The brown widow also has a black-and-white geometric pattern on the dorsal side of its abdomen. The Latin name comes from this pattern but the pattern can become obscured when the spider's coloring darkens over time.
Are brown widows displacing black widow spiders around southern California homes?
Brown widow spiders are relatively new to North America, where they were first documented in Florida in 1935, and even newer to southern California, where they were only recently discovered in 2003. However, in the last decade they have been so successful that they may be displacing native black widow spiders. If so, the overall danger to homeowners may decrease because brown widow spider bites are less toxic than those of native western black widow spiders.
In "The Prevalence of Brown Widow and Black Widow Spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Urban Southern California," an article in the July issue of the Journal of Medical Entomology, the authors describe the results of their efforts to document the presence of brown widows in southern California by performing timed searches in various habitats, such as urban properties, agricultural lands, developed parks, and undeveloped natural areas. They also included the native western black widow spider to compare the abundance and habitat selection of the two species.
Video: Brown Widow Spider Invades Southern California
"The brown widows really burst on to the scene in a very short time, and we found brown widows in many habitats where we expected to find black widows," said corresponding author Richard Vetter (University of California, Riverside). "There may be some competition where brown widows are displacing black widows because there is some habitat overlap. There are also places where only brown widows were able to make homes, but in other habitats the black widows still predominate."
After collecting data at 72 sites, which involved 96.8 hours of collecting, the authors found 20 times as many brown widows than black widows outside homes, especially under outdoor tables and chairs, and in tiny spaces in walls, fences and other objects. Neither spider is found in the living space of houses.
"Homeowners would benefit to know about the hiding places of brown widows, displaying care when placing their hands in nooks and crannies," the authors conclude. However, they should also keep in mind that even if the chances of being bitten do increase, the dangers are lessened because the brown widow bite is less toxic than that of the black widow.
Entomological Society of America
The Prevalence of Brown Widow and Black Widow Spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Urban Southern California
Journal of Medical Entomology
University of California, Riverside
New Species of Trapdoor Spider Discovered: The Auburn Tiger Trapdoor Spider
Kinds of Spiders and the Secret Behind The Strength of Their Webs
List of Top 10 New Species for 2012 Released
Male Corn Earworm Moths, Helicoverpa Zea, Flies Too Soon During Courtship Race
Study Show Bug Bombs And Foggers Have Minimal Effect Against Bed Bugs
